homework

One way in which scientists learn about how nature works is conduct a controlled experiment.To begin,scientists isolate variables,or factors that can change within a system or situation begin studied.An experiment involving single-variable analysis is designed to isolate and study the effects of one variable at a time.

科學家想得知自然作用與自然行為受限的實驗,一開始,科學家先有計畫的隔離出可改變系統或地點的易變物或因素.在這實驗,科學家去分析易變物遭隔離所發生的作用與情況.

homework

Have you ever seen an area in a forest where all the trees were cut down?If so,you might wonder about the effects of cutting down all those trees.You might wonder how if affected the animals and people living in that area and how it affected the land itself.That is exactly what scientists Bormann and Likens(Core Case Study)thought about when they designed their experiment.

你見過一個地區在森林中，所有的樹木被砍掉？如果是這樣，您可能想知道砍掉所有樹所造成的影響.你可能不知道，如果影響到動物和人生活方面，以及影響的土地本身.那正是科學家Bormann和Likens（Core Case Study）想過當他們設計的實驗。

homework

1.5.3

When companies use resorces to create goods and services for consumers,they are generally not required to pay the environmental costs of such resource use.For example ,fishing companies pay the costs of catching fish but do not pay the depletion of fish stocks.Timber companies pay for clear-cutting forests but not for the resulting environmental degradation and loss of wildlife habitat.These companies reasonably seek to maximize their profits,so they do not voluntarily pay these costs or even try to assess them,unless required to do so by government laws or regulations.

當公司使用資源創造消費者的貨物和服務，通常沒有要求他們支付這樣資源使用的環境費用。例如，釣魚公司支付捉住魚的費用，但是不管魚類的減少。木材公司支付砍伐森林費用，但是不管野生生物棲地所發生的環境退化和損失。這些公司合理地尋求他們最大的收益，因此他們不自願支付這些費用甚至不设法估計他們，除非由政府法律或合約要求去做。

homework

1-2-2

The ultimate goal is an enviornmentally sustainable society-one that meets the current and future basic resource needs of its people in a just and equitable manner without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their basic need.


最終目標是以公平正義為基礎去開發,並能保全未來世代的基本需求.